Philips Master SDW-T - Revision history

Andrei.boiu at 08:55, 10 November 2021

2021-11-10T08:55:55Z

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	Higher colour rendering High Pressure Sodium Lamp with tubular bulb for outdoor lighting with 35W, 50W and 100W power rating		Higher colour rendering High Pressure Sodium Lamp with tubular bulb for outdoor and indoor lighting with 35W, 50W and 100W power rating

	== Features ==		== Features ==

Andrei.boiu at 08:55, 10 November 2021

2021-11-10T08:55:09Z

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	[[Image:Philips SDW-T 50W.jpg\|Philips Master SDW-T 50W]]		[[Image:Philips Master SDW-T 50W.jpg\|Philips Master SDW-T 50W]]
	\|}		\|}

Andrei.boiu: /* Manufacturing specificities */

2021-11-10T08:49:09Z

Manufacturing specificities

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	Most manufacturers have been releasing lamps for many decades. Lamps produced in the 70s and early 80s are probably not commonly found today. In the 90s and early 2000 Philips was manufacturing lamps in Holland and other countries, while in the last years they were doing the same thing in China. Quality was not severely affected as manufacturing quality was maintained and applications were demanding, used in wealthier as well as poorer countries. It should be noted that sodium vapour lamps were mass manufactured and considered mainstream products, meaning that quality and reliability had to be consistent.		Most manufacturers have been releasing lamps for many decades. Lamps produced in the 70s and early 80s are probably not commonly found today. In the 90s and early 2000 Philips was manufacturing lamps in Holland and other countries, while in the last years they were doing the same thing in China. Quality was not severely affected as manufacturing quality was maintained and applications were demanding, used in wealthier as well as poorer countries. It should be noted that sodium vapour lamps were mass manufactured and considered mainstream products, meaning that quality and reliability had to be consistent.

	Products manufactured by Philips were similar to General Electric and Osram, with a quality and consistency ~~much above some East-European~~ manufacturers ~~in terms of colour rendering, light output and life. However, Philips was manufacturing~~ lamps ~~with shorter lifetimes than typical Osram ones, as the datasheets and installations performance shows. These differences are maintained even nowadays~~. Philips lamps, however, were much more popular and are easier to find.		Products manufactured by Philips were similar to General Electric and Osram, with very good quality and consistency and Japanese manufacturers such as IWASAKI deserve a special mention as they were creating excellent lamps. Philips lamps, however, were much more popular and are easier to find.

	{{footnotes\|		{{footnotes\|

Andrei.boiu: /* History */

2021-11-10T08:47:04Z

History

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	== History ==		== History ==
	The lamp technology was an improvement of ~~previous~~ lamps that ~~were used in larger luminaries,~~ the ~~low~~ pressure sodium ~~types. Looking similar to fluorescent lamps, sodium lamps had~~ a ~~totally different operation. They~~ output ~~monochromatic lamps compared with~~ a ~~pleasant fluorescent white light but they were very well suited for traffic as this light was very little affected by fog~~ and ~~contrast was perfect on roads. Very poor~~ colour reproduction ~~was a very important limitation in market adoption~~, and ~~it was noticed that increasing~~ sodium pressure broadened ~~light spectra contributing reds~~ and ~~greens to~~ the ~~light output~~. ~~Many years there was no stable arc~~ tube ~~material~~ that was ~~able to withstand high temperature~~ and ~~aggressive sodium~~.		The lamp technology was an improvement of previously developed high pressure sodium lamps, in the early 70s. It was noticed that increasing the pressure of sodium vapours in a discharge improves light output by creating a spectrum that is more appealing. As the emission broadens to reds and greens, colour reproduction improves tremendously, while efficiency slightly drops. Of course, highly resistant ceramic tubes had to be used to contain the sodium vapour discharge and its intensity. Both heat and the corrosive, permeating nature of sodium pose challenges to long service life and good operation. In order to further increase pressure and temperature to improve colour rendering the discharge tube is broadened and shortened. This increases the intensity of the discharge but increases thermal and electrical losses of electrodes and the design of the lamp gets more complex. As usual, sodium still leaks out of the discharge tube at high temperatures so the lamp design had to compensate for these losses with a special construction and gas filling. All these requirements meant that producing such a lamp was highly costly and good manufacturing consistency was mandatory.

	When a suitable ceramic arc tube was developed and manufactured the lamp's high performance was confirmed in applications. Early lamps were attempted to be released with no external additional gear but durability was very poor so ignitors were developed for ~~this specific application. The wattage and voltage of sodium~~ lamps was ~~not compatible with mercury lamps so an operational compromise had to be used to allow operation with mercury vapour lamp gear. This was~~ especially ~~important many years ago~~ as ~~mercury lamp installations were dominant. There was also research that culminated in specialty~~, ~~even higher pressure~~ sodium lamps~~, that have improved colour reproduction and a pleasant whiter appearance but~~ they were very ~~costly, had a shorter life and~~ efficiency~~. They were never popular due to fluorescent lamps being much cheaper~~ and ~~easier to~~ use. ~~These lamps can be easily noticed by seeing their rather thicker internal~~ arc tubes or the ~~higher colour temperatures in datasheets.~~		The market for such lamps was small, favouring some indoor aplications especially in colder climate countries such as Great Britain, where sodium lamps were already appreciated. In commercial applications they were more successful when the typical tungsten halogen lamps very low energy efficiency and simple use was no longer acceptable, in late 90s and early 2000s. Development of improved arc tubes was still possible but was considered not viable as the market was not expanding to cover such research and production expenses compared with the more flexible application compact ceramic metal hallide lamps. These lamps were much more energy expansion and have much broader appeal than high pressure sodium lamps.

	~~Later developments focused on releasing optimized ballasts and ignitors that followed slender and more efficient internal arc tubes. Efficiency~~ was improved significantly, making 20 to 30 thousands our lifetimes a certainty, increasing servicing intervals, lowering early failures and making high pressure lamps a very reliable lighting system. Electronic gears were not ~~popular due~~ to ~~high costs although they were entirely possible from a technological perspective~~ and ~~they offered simpler wiring along~~ with ~~higher system energy efficiency. Only ignitors made~~ the switch to advanced electronics as they were products with frequent replacements. The last technological advancement was made by using Xenon and removing Mercury from the arc tube, improving lamp life and efficiency but requiring higher starting voltages and new ignitors. These lamps have ~~a few degrees lower colour temperatures expressed in Kelvin.~~

	~~Overall, sodium~~ high pressure lamps, as is the case of metal hallide lamps, differ very much in terms of performance, even for similar types. Using a datasheet is mandatory if the circuit diagram and lamp being used is not the one that was supplied with the fixture, making operation and servicing a higher skilled job than with previous mercury vapour lamps. Modularity was ensured by making whole fixtures easy to replace and restricting servicing, including cleaning, to offsite premises, avoiding electrocution and prolonged labour at height risks.

	== Manufacturing specificities ==		== Manufacturing specificities ==

Andrei.boiu: /* Suitability */

2021-11-10T08:34:28Z

Suitability

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	The lamp requires a conventional or electro-magnetic gear of the same power output as the lamp, connected in series with a lamp and an ignitor that must be connected as is required in the circuit. Connecting the lamp directly to mains damages it instantly as there is no current limitation. Improper connection of the ignitor is also dangerous and proper care must be exerted during installation and servicing. A power factor capacitor that has a specific value might be used to correct the power factor and current requirements on the circuit. The lamp itself is not influenced by the presence or absence of this capacitor. When used sparingly in homes or some premises where not a lot of these lamps are located, power factor correction is not important but large industrial or commercial clients were required to maintain a specific power factor due to electricity distribution contracting.		The lamp requires a conventional or electro-magnetic gear of the same power output as the lamp, connected in series with a lamp and an ignitor that must be connected as is required in the circuit. Connecting the lamp directly to mains damages it instantly as there is no current limitation. Improper connection of the ignitor is also dangerous and proper care must be exerted during installation and servicing. A power factor capacitor that has a specific value might be used to correct the power factor and current requirements on the circuit. The lamp itself is not influenced by the presence or absence of this capacitor. When used sparingly in homes or some premises where not a lot of these lamps are located, power factor correction is not important but large industrial or commercial clients were required to maintain a specific power factor due to electricity distribution contracting.

	== Suitability ==		== Suitability ==
	~~The best~~ lamps ~~in terms of useful lifetime, colour reproduction, light output~~, ~~are~~ major ~~branded lamps. Chinese branded lamps are much worse~~ in ~~all performance~~ and quality metrics with shorter useful life and efficiency as they do not use modern ignitors and gears. Coated lamps have less glare and more beam uniformity than clear ones but they are less efficient in fixtures that use reflectors.		Due to the very small market share that this lamp technology had and the amount of required research and development to produce such lamps, only major manufacturers were involved in it and the products were of very high quality.

	The ~~best~~ choice of wattage ~~are the 70 and 100 and 150 watt lamps~~ as lower ~~wattages have quite a low light output and larger~~ powered lamps are ~~too powerful for most purposes. The above lamp wattages are also cheaper as they were highly popular~~. Electro-magnetic ballasts or conventional gears are plentiful and can be used interchangeably with all manufactured lamps for a specific wattage although some ignitors may not be optimal in some scenarios. ~~Lower~~ rated ~~power~~ output ~~gears can be used, making the lamp operate dimly but~~ higher powered ones damage the lamp due to over-stressing and is ~~highly~~ dangerous.		The choice of wattage depends on application but, as usual, lower powered lamps are more compact. Electro-magnetic ballasts or conventional gears are plentiful and can be used interchangeably with all manufactured lamps for a specific wattage although some ignitors may not be optimal in some scenarios. Typical ceramic metal hallide gear is quite well adapted to the power requirement of lamps. It is not advisable to use lower than lamp rated gears as this affects light output quality while higher powered ones damage the lamp due to over-stressing and is dangerous.

	Used lamp gears might work but old lamps are not as desirable. Rusted ballast may still operate but are a potential hazard while old, used lamps, may not have much useful life left and they may already exhibit some colour light emission issues. New old-stock lamps are the best choice, if available.		Used lamp gears might work but old lamps are not as desirable. Rusted ballast may still operate but are a potential hazard while old, used lamps, may not have much useful life left and they may already exhibit some colour light emission issues. New old-stock lamps are the best choice, if available.

Andrei.boiu: /* Review */

2021-11-10T08:29:05Z

Review

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 10 November 2021
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	== Review ==		== Review ==
	These high pressure sodium vapour lamps are compact light sources that are viable for ~~wide area~~ lighting. Their ~~poor~~ colour reproduction and ~~large output means~~ that ~~they are entirely suited to outdoor lighting~~ or ~~greenhouses~~ as ~~grow~~ light. ~~Compared with fluorescent lamps~~ they were very ~~compact~~, ~~having great performance at low temperatures~~. ~~A very~~ long ~~lifetime,~~ that ~~was around 16~~ to ~~25 times higher than tungsten~~ lamps, ~~and almost double that~~ of ~~some fluorescent~~ lamps, meant that ~~these~~ lamps ~~are well suited for use in places where lamp replacement was costly, as in high bay lighting, street lighting, tunnel lighting~~.		These high pressure sodium vapour lamps are compact light sources that are viable for indoor lighting. Their very good colour reproduction and warm light appearance made them very well suited for shopping areas. Even if home applications could have been viable, the high cost of lamps, associated gear and a lack of attractive fixtures meant that this market was never represented. Creating an even warmer atmosphere than even typical incandescent lamps, with a better showcase of reds and oranges, this light source fared very well in terms of visual comfort. The only downside of SDW-T lamps was the lack of an instant restrike design, which meant that this lamp should not be switched on or off too frequently, as this would also affect light. On the few commercial applications were they were most likely applied, they fared very well. Groceries such as vegetables, bread and other food products were very well and appealingly presented. The lamps themselves and gears were quite long lived. There was also a more compact SDW-T lamp design that had similar dimensions to low-wattage ceramic metal hallide lamps that was especially attractive in the early 2000s as the entire fixture was very compact and light control was very good. Of course, the advent of LED lamps that could create any light appearance with lower maintenance, heat and better energy control meant that SDW-T lamps were not required.

	~~High pressure sodium lamps had higher~~ light output, ~~almost double~~, ~~of mercury vapour lamps while~~ having ~~very low quality colour reproduction. This means~~ that ~~mercury vapour lamps were still~~ suited for ~~areas where colour reproduction was moderately important and there was still an advantage from compact light sources~~. ~~However~~, ~~street lighting was a very important market as~~ the lamp~~'s efficiency ensured cost savings in labour~~ and ~~electricity use~~, ~~after~~ the ~~1970s oil crisis. There~~ were ~~some advances in colour reproduction with different lamp technology but standard lamps were not favourite of industrial~~, ~~workshop lighting commercial premises. The light spectra was~~, ~~however, highly beneficial for plant growth~~.		Fixtures are generally compact, considering the light output made available, but are generally heavy due to the bulky electromagnetic gear being used. There are directional and omni-directional fixtures that are suited to various purposes. Fixtures were compact, having a boxy design, with a symmetrical or asymmetrical lamp placement that was suited for flood or spot lighting. Generally, due to the cost of the lamp and application, the few fixtures that were designed or adapted from other compact metal hallide ones, had very good optical systems, with high quality mirrors and lenses.

	~~The inherent flicker~~ of ~~mains voltage~~ lamps ~~is very low even with conventional gear~~ due to ~~the fact that a large amount of light happens due to thermal emission~~ and ~~balance~~ of ~~the temperature of internal arc tube. There were some electronic medium frequency gear similar~~ with ~~ones used on fluorescent lamps but they were very costly. However, sodium and metal hallide~~ gears are generally compatible, meaning that most sodium lamps can be easily replaced with compatible wattage metal hallide lamps that have a much better colour appearance, sacrificing some energy efficiency due to different lamp technology. The requirement for ignitors along ballasts while it raises total cost and increases complexity, as well as ~~raising the risk due to passing thousands~~ of ~~volts through some wires~~, ~~means~~ that ~~fixtures have a clear advantage of maximum useful light~~ and ~~restart in case of power failure in almost one minute.~~		This type of lamps, due to their technology and way of operation could be successfully used both with cheaper conventional magnetic gears as well as high performance electronic ones. Light is mostly created as a result of thermal emission of hot sodium vapours, which translates into a high inertia that hides most flickering and light variations that are unavoidable in high pressure discharge lamps. This meant that SDW-T lamps were excellent for indoor uses even on inexpensive lamp gear. Despite an overall excellent lamp, the only drawbacks were high lamp cost and lack of highly marketable fixtures that detracted even from some residential luxury lighting applications as well as general perception that was mostly shaped by the typical street lighting application of cheaper lamps, setting lower expectations about the technology. Of course, manufacturers were also to blame as there was no advertising on this lamp and its benefits except occasional installation showcases.

	~~Fixtures are generally compact, considering the~~ light ~~output made available, but are generally heavy due to the bulky electromagnetic gear being used. There are directional and omni-directional fixtures~~ that are suited to various purposes. In street lighting, the well known cobra-head style lamppost was used, and they may still be available for purchase. They were only moderately effective as light covered a large area but a considerable amount of light was lost due to the fixture directing some of it upwards, with no control. Omni-directional fixtures were used in ~~residential areas and parks, where ambience was more important than efficiency. Indoor fixtures were centered on the typical~~ high~~-bay or low-bay types due to their application in greenhouses where light has to be directed entirely downwards~~. ~~Other fixtures were compact, having a boxy design, with a symmetrical or asymmetrical lamp placement~~ that ~~was suited for flood lighting. These type of~~ lamps were ~~used outdoor,~~ for ~~floodlighting~~. ~~There were no home designed fixtures as these lamps were never used in home environments.~~

	~~Nowadays~~, ~~sodium vapour lamps are still very widely used as outdoor lighting. As~~ the ~~number of available fixtures is massive, availability is~~ high and ~~will diminish no early than 2030s, meaning they are economically effective to purchase except and they can be repurposed for mercury vapour~~ of ~~metal hallide lamps if proper lamp gear is used. Free standing lamps are quite capable on their own so if you need a compact light source~~ that ~~is highly durable and colour output is not important. They have~~ the ~~additional advantage~~ of ~~attracting less insects during~~ the ~~summer, if used as outdoor light. They are especially well suited for security lighting~~. Of ~~special interest is greenhouse lighting~~, as was ~~mentioned before, even if specialized lamps have also been designed for these purposes, the standard~~ lamp ~~is also appropriate~~.

	== Operation ==		== Operation ==

Andrei.boiu: /* Greatest features & flaws */

2021-11-09T23:15:20Z

Greatest features & flaws

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	\| Pleasant warm light, highly suitable for indoor use \|\| Not very high efficiency and service life		\| Pleasant warm light, highly suitable for indoor use \|\| Not very high efficiency and service life
	\|-		\|-
	\| Mostly omni-directional light \|\| ~~Hard~~ to find lamp base		\| Mostly omni-directional light \|\| Long restrike time, hard to find lamp base
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Quick~~ lamp start ~~and restart~~ \|\| Requires bulky, heavy, complex lamp gear		\| Reasonable lamp start time \|\| Requires bulky, heavy, complex lamp gear
	\|}		\|}

Andrei.boiu: /* Greatest features & flaws */

2021-11-09T23:13:00Z

Greatest features & flaws

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	\| High light output in very compact package \|\| Moderate risk of glare		\| High light output in very compact package \|\| Moderate risk of glare
	\|-		\|-
	\| Pleasant warm light, highly suitable for indoor \|\| Not very high efficiency and service life		\| Pleasant warm light, highly suitable for indoor use \|\| Not very high efficiency and service life
	\|-		\|-
	\| Mostly omni-directional light \|\| Hard to find lamp base		\| Mostly omni-directional light \|\| Hard to find lamp base

Andrei.boiu: /* Technical details */

2021-11-09T23:12:39Z

Technical details

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:12, 10 November 2021
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	! Designation !! Base !! Lamp wattage !! Luminous flux !! Colour appearance !! Colour Temperature !! Colour Rendering Index <br/>(Ra8) !! Service Life <br/>(to 50% failures)		! Designation !! Base !! Lamp wattage !! Luminous flux !! Colour appearance !! Colour Temperature !! Colour Rendering Index <br/>(Ra8) !! Service Life <br/>(to 50% failures)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Master SDW-T 35W/~~220 E27~~ SLV \|\| PG12-1 \|\| 35 W \|\| 1300 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 2500 K \|\| 83 \|\| 15000 hours		\| Master SDW-T 35W/825 PG12-1 SLV \|\| PG12-1 \|\| 35 W \|\| 1300 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 2500 K \|\| 83 \|\| 15000 hours
	\|-		\|-
	\| Master SDW-T 50W/~~220 E27~~ SLV \|\| PG12-1 \|\| 50 W \|\| 2300 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 2500 K \|\| 83 \|\| 15000 hours		\| Master SDW-T 50W/825 PG12-1 SLV \|\| PG12-1 \|\| 50 W \|\| 2300 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 2500 K \|\| 83 \|\| 15000 hours
	\|-		\|-
	\| Master SDW-T 100W/~~220 E40~~ SLV \|\| PG12-1 \|\| 100 W \|\| 5000 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 2500 K \|\| 83 \|\| 15000 hours		\| Master SDW-T 100W/825 PG12-1 SLV \|\| PG12-1 \|\| 100 W \|\| 5000 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 2500 K \|\| 83 \|\| 15000 hours
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

Andrei.boiu: /* Lamp control gear */

2021-11-09T19:33:44Z

Lamp control gear

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:33, 9 November 2021
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	*Requires external gear and appropriate wiring:		*Requires external gear and appropriate wiring:
	** Reactive inductive ballast rated as the lamp, different from mercury lamp types		** Reactive inductive ballast rated as the lamp, different from mercury lamp types
	** Suitable ignitor for 1800-3500 Volt pulses ~~(except "I" designated 50 and 70W lamps)~~		** Suitable ignitor for 1800-3500 Volt pulses
	** May require power factor correction capacitor for balancing line load		** May require power factor correction capacitor for balancing line load
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