Philips Master SOX-E and SOX - Revision history

Andrei.boiu at 08:51, 12 November 2021

2021-11-12T08:51:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:51, 12 November 2021
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	Due to their yellow, monochromatic light, these lamps are rarely more than an option for lighting exterior areas. Although they are very efficient light sources, their light is unpleasant for just about any application. Their BY22d base is not as popular as others but large amount of lamps, fixtures and gears can still be found, used, on Great Britain, as this was a very large market. Fixtures can be easily adapted for low pressure sodium lamps, especially if they are made for linear flourescent lamps, as their gear can also operate them well, if rated at nearly the same wattage.		Due to their yellow, monochromatic light, these lamps are rarely more than an option for lighting exterior areas. Although they are very efficient light sources, their light is unpleasant for just about any application. Their BY22d base is not as popular as others but large amount of lamps, fixtures and gears can still be found, used, on Great Britain, as this was a very large market. Fixtures can be easily adapted for low pressure sodium lamps, especially if they are made for linear flourescent lamps, as their gear can also operate them well, if rated at nearly the same wattage.

	Fixtures that work quite well and were reasonably plentiful for sodium vapour lamps are outdoor lighting ones for compact fluorescent lamps, especially the SL line, as their shape is similar. These fixtures can be easily recognized due to their rectangular shape and prismatic, clear diffuser. The lamp base is obviously incompatible and the power rating of the ballast or lamp gear may not be entirely suited but retrofitting is entirely possible.		Fixtures that work quite well and were reasonably plentiful for sodium vapour lamps are outdoor lighting ones for compact fluorescent lamps, especially the Philips PL-L line or compatible products from other manufacturers, as their shape is similar. These fixtures can be easily recognized due to their rectangular shape and prismatic, clear diffuser. The lamp base is obviously incompatible and the power rating of the ballast or lamp gear may not be entirely suited but retrofitting is entirely possible.

	== Understanding manufacturer data ==		== Understanding manufacturer data ==

Andrei.boiu at 08:49, 12 November 2021

2021-11-12T08:49:16Z

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	\|style="vertical-align:top" \|		\|style="vertical-align:top" \|
	<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">		<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
	High efficiency Low Pressure Sodium Lamp with tubular bulb for outdoor lighting with 18 to 131W power rating (SOX-E) and 35 to 180W power rating (SOX standard)		High efficiency Low Pressure Sodium Lamp with tubular bulb for outdoor lighting with 18 to 131W power rating (SOX-E or SOX Economy) and 35 to 180W power rating (SOX standard)

	== Features ==		== Features ==

Andrei.boiu: /* History */

2021-11-12T08:47:05Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 12 November 2021
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	This lamp technology was successfully developed in the 1930s and improved upon in later decades. The most important achievements were higher quality arc tubes and gas fillings. The same improvements were made on the outer envelope, ensuring reduced heat losses and sodium retention. The low pressure sodium lamp was actually at the center of development on the much more successful and attractive high pressure sodium lamp, some decades later. This lamp technology has the special distinction of being the most efficient light source ever devised, reaching over 200 luments/watt in the case of the last designs, such as on Philips SOX-E.		This lamp technology was successfully developed in the 1930s and improved upon in later decades. The most important achievements were higher quality arc tubes and gas fillings. The same improvements were made on the outer envelope, ensuring reduced heat losses and sodium retention. The low pressure sodium lamp was actually at the center of development on the much more successful and attractive high pressure sodium lamp, some decades later. This lamp technology has the special distinction of being the most efficient light source ever devised, reaching over 200 luments/watt in the case of the last designs, such as on Philips SOX-E.

	The most important competition, early on, was the incandescent lamp, since its light was warm as well while energy efficiency was much improved. The only drawback that sodium vapour lamps had was the requirement for an additional component, the ballast. In general, due to the warm yellow light, this lamps was highly successful in colder climates such as Great Britain and other northern hemisphere countries. This lamp technology experienced some competition from mercury vapour lamps early on. While sodium lamps of that time fared slightly better in terms of efficiency, they were shorter lived than their counterparts. To the disadvantage of very poor skin rendition of the mercury vapour lamps, the sodium lamped fared slightly better with its monochromatic light. The only issue that would always remain in this competition is that low pressure sodium lamps were never as compact as mercury vapour ones so more efficient directional lighting could theoretically be achieved with mercury vapour lamps. Of course, this was not ~~realised~~ in practice as the low cost of mercury vapour lamps was also a criteria for fixtures selection which meant that system efficiency was always very poor on mercury vapour and only slightly less so on low pressure sodium lamps.		The most important competition, early on, was the incandescent lamp, since its light was warm as well while energy efficiency was much improved. The only drawback that sodium vapour lamps had was the requirement for an additional component, the ballast. In general, due to the warm yellow light, this lamps was highly successful in colder climates such as Great Britain and other northern hemisphere countries. This lamp technology experienced some competition from mercury vapour lamps early on. While sodium lamps of that time fared slightly better in terms of efficiency, they were shorter lived than their counterparts. To the disadvantage of very poor skin rendition of the mercury vapour lamps, the sodium lamped fared slightly better with its monochromatic light. The only issue that would always remain in this competition is that low pressure sodium lamps were never as compact as mercury vapour ones so more efficient directional lighting could theoretically be achieved with mercury vapour lamps. Of course, this was not realized in practice as the low cost of mercury vapour lamps was also a criteria for fixtures selection which meant that system efficiency was always very poor on mercury vapour and only slightly less so on low pressure sodium lamps.

	Streetlighting was a very common application. As the oil crisis of the 1970s was taking place, there was a strong demand for improved energy efficiency. One research goal was improving the already successful lamp, reducing heat losses of the lamp, as it was already producing reduced light at low temperatures. Special coatings could be applied on the outer envelope, further reducing heat losses and improving efficiency. Of course, this goal was not very easy to achieve as the coating had to survive long term use, absorb as little light as possible and not affect the appearance of the lamp. Special lamp gears were also designed, that had electronic circuitry. This meant that higher energy efficiency was achievable through a combination of better power management, high frequency operation and smoother starts and warmups, giving rise to SOX-E lamps.		Streetlighting was a very common application. As the oil crisis of the 1970s was taking place, there was a strong demand for improved energy efficiency. One research goal was improving the already successful lamp, reducing heat losses of the lamp, as it was already producing reduced light at low temperatures. Special coatings could be applied on the outer envelope, further reducing heat losses and improving efficiency. Of course, this goal was not very easy to achieve as the coating had to survive long term use, absorb as little light as possible and not affect the appearance of the lamp. Special lamp gears were also designed, that had electronic circuitry. This meant that higher energy efficiency was achievable through a combination of better power management, high frequency operation and smoother starts and warmups, giving rise to SOX-E lamps.

	The market slowly ~~shrinked~~, by the late 2000s, as high pressure sodium and metal hallide lamps became successful or when LED lighting became popular. It may seem strange that LED technology replaced the more energy efficient high pressure and low pressure sodium lamps but some aspects have to be considered. A good LED lamp design centers on efficient light distribution, that is almost 99% downwards, right from the light source. A typical lamp fixture ~~has to~~ compromise on lamps that ~~are~~ generating light almost omnidirectional or slightly directional, as in the case of low pressure sodium lamps. If the fixture's diffuser is not maintained in a clean state and if water, dirt may get inside the fixture, as it commonly happens, the lighting system efficiency is also reduced. In practice, only about 60% of the designed light reaches the desired target with a new lamp and a 5-7 year old fixture. LED lighting fixtures can maintain virtually all the initial light output efficiency, as the very compact lens system is entirely sealed and remains sealed for the entire lamp life.		The market slowly shrank, by the late 2000s, as high pressure sodium and metal hallide lamps became successful or when LED lighting became popular. It may seem strange that LED technology replaced the more energy efficient high pressure and low pressure sodium lamps but some aspects have to be considered. A good LED lamp design centers on efficient light distribution, that is almost 99% downwards, right from the light source. The development of electronic components brought many potential improvements in service life and output but these lamp gears were not as popular as conventional, magnetic ones, due to cost and labour requirements for updating fixtures. This meant that most light fixtures were used continuously with outdated technology, many decades. This is just one of the many reasons for which outdoor lighting was far from its theoretical potential and what made it seem that LEDs brought a revolution in this respect.

			A typical lamp fixture is a compromise as all previous lamps that were generating light almost omnidirectional or slightly directional, as in the case of low pressure sodium lamps. If the fixture's diffuser was not maintained in a clean state and if water, dirt may get inside the fixture, as it commonly happens, the lighting system efficiency is also reduced. In practice, only about 60% of the designed light reaches the desired target with a new lamp and a 5-7 year old fixture. LED lighting fixtures can maintain virtually all the initial light output efficiency, as the very compact lens system is entirely sealed and remains sealed for the entire lamp life.

	== Manufacturing specificities ==		== Manufacturing specificities ==

Andrei.boiu: /* Lamp control gear */

2021-11-12T08:41:44Z

Lamp control gear

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:41, 12 November 2021
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	*Requires external gear and appropriate wiring:		*Requires external gear and appropriate wiring:
	** Compatible reactive inductive ballast with matching power rating and starter		** Compatible reactive inductive ballast with matching power rating and starter
	** Compatible high-frequency electronic ballast ~~with preheating~~ (preferably)		** Compatible high-frequency electronic ballast (preferably)
	** May require power factor correction capacitor for reactive ballasts		** May require power factor correction capacitor for reactive ballasts
	</div>		</div>

Andrei.boiu: /* Lamp control gear */

2021-11-12T08:41:29Z

Lamp control gear

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:41, 12 November 2021
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	== Lamp control gear ==		== Lamp control gear ==
	*Requires external gear and appropriate wiring:		*Requires external gear and appropriate wiring:
	** ~~Reactive~~ inductive ballast ~~rated as the lamp~~		** Compatible reactive inductive ballast with matching power rating and starter
	** May require power factor correction capacitor for ~~balancing line load~~		** Compatible high-frequency electronic ballast with preheating (preferably)
			** May require power factor correction capacitor for reactive ballasts
	</div>		</div>
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Andrei.boiu: Andrei.boiu moved page Philips Master SOX-E to Philips Master SOX-E and SOX without leaving a redirect

2021-11-12T08:39:18Z

Andrei.boiu moved page Philips Master SOX-E to Philips Master SOX-E and SOX without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 10:39, 12 November 2021
(No difference)

Andrei.boiu at 08:38, 12 November 2021

2021-11-12T08:38:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:38, 12 November 2021
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	</div>		</div>
	\|style="vertical-align:top" \|		\|style="vertical-align:top" \|
	[[Image:Philips Master ~~SDW~~-~~T 50W~~.jpg\|Philips Master ~~SDW~~-~~T 50W~~]]		[[Image:Philips Master SOX-E 18W.jpg\|Philips Master SOX-E 18W]]
	\|}		\|}

Andrei.boiu: /* Technical details */

2021-11-12T08:32:38Z

Technical details

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:32, 12 November 2021
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	\|-		\|-
	\| Master SOX-E 26W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 26 W \|\| 3600 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours		\| Master SOX-E 26W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 26 W \|\| 3600 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours
			\|-
			\| SOX 35W By22d 1SL \|\| BY22d \|\| 35 W \|\| 4550 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours
	\|-		\|-
	\| Master SOX-E 36W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 36 W \|\| 6200 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours		\| Master SOX-E 36W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 36 W \|\| 6200 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours
			\|-
			\| SOX 55W By22d 1SL \|\| BY22d \|\| 55 W \|\| 7800 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours
	\|-		\|-
	\| Master SOX-E 66W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 66 W \|\| 10500 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours		\| Master SOX-E 66W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 66 W \|\| 10500 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours
			\|-
			\| SOX 90W By22d 1SL \|\| BY22d \|\| 90 W \|\| 13700 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours
	\|-		\|-
	\| Master SOX-E 91W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 91 W \|\| 17500 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours		\| Master SOX-E 91W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 91 W \|\| 17500 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours
	\|-		\|-
	\| Master SOX-E 131W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 131 W \|\| 26200 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours		\| Master SOX-E 131W By22d SLV \|\| BY22d \|\| 131 W \|\| 26200 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours
	\|-

	~~\| SOX 35W By22d 1SL \|\| BY22d \|\| 35 W \|\| 4550 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours~~
	\|-
	~~\| SOX 55W By22d 1SL \|\| BY22d \|\| 55 W \|\| 7800 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours~~
	\|-
	~~\| SOX 90W By22d 1SL \|\| BY22d \|\| 90 W \|\| 13700 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours~~
	\|-		\|-
	\| SOX 135W By22d 1SL \|\| BY22d \|\| 135 W \|\| 22600 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours		\| SOX 135W By22d 1SL \|\| BY22d \|\| 135 W \|\| 22600 lm \|\| Warm White \|\| 1700 K \|\| -44 \|\| 18000 hours

Andrei.boiu: /* Manufacturing specificities */

2021-11-12T08:31:38Z

Manufacturing specificities

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 12 November 2021
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	== Manufacturing specificities ==		== Manufacturing specificities ==
	Most manufacturers have been releasing lamps for many decades. Lamps produced in the 70s and early 80s are probably not commonly found today. In the 90s and early 2000 Philips was manufacturing lamps in Holland and other countries, while in the last years they were doing the same thing in China. Quality was not severely affected as manufacturing quality was maintained and applications were demanding, used in wealthier ~~as well as poorer~~ countries. It should be noted that sodium vapour lamps were mass manufactured and considered mainstream products, meaning that quality and reliability had to be consistent.		Most manufacturers have been releasing lamps for many decades. Lamps produced in the 70s and early 80s are probably not commonly found today. In the 90s and early 2000 Philips was manufacturing lamps in Holland and other countries, while in the last years they were doing the same thing in China. Quality was not severely affected as manufacturing quality was maintained and applications were demanding, used in mostly in wealthier countries. It should be noted that sodium vapour lamps were mass manufactured and considered mainstream products, meaning that quality and reliability had to be consistent.

	Products manufactured by Philips were similar to General Electric and Osram, with very good quality and consistency and Japanese manufacturers such as IWASAKI deserve a special mention as they were creating excellent lamps. Philips lamps, however, were much more popular and are easier to find.		Products manufactured by Philips were similar to General Electric and Osram, with very good quality and consistency and Japanese manufacturers such as IWASAKI deserve a special mention as they were creating excellent lamps. Philips lamps, however, were much more popular and are easier to find.

Andrei.boiu: /* History */

2021-11-12T08:30:42Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:30, 12 November 2021
Line 107:		Line 107:
	This lamp technology was successfully developed in the 1930s and improved upon in later decades. The most important achievements were higher quality arc tubes and gas fillings. The same improvements were made on the outer envelope, ensuring reduced heat losses and sodium retention. The low pressure sodium lamp was actually at the center of development on the much more successful and attractive high pressure sodium lamp, some decades later. This lamp technology has the special distinction of being the most efficient light source ever devised, reaching over 200 luments/watt in the case of the last designs, such as on Philips SOX-E.		This lamp technology was successfully developed in the 1930s and improved upon in later decades. The most important achievements were higher quality arc tubes and gas fillings. The same improvements were made on the outer envelope, ensuring reduced heat losses and sodium retention. The low pressure sodium lamp was actually at the center of development on the much more successful and attractive high pressure sodium lamp, some decades later. This lamp technology has the special distinction of being the most efficient light source ever devised, reaching over 200 luments/watt in the case of the last designs, such as on Philips SOX-E.

	The most important competition, early on, was the incandescent lamp, since its light was warm as well while energy efficiency was much improved. The only drawback that sodium vapour lamps had was the requirement for an additional component, the ballast. In general, due to the warm yellow light, this lamps was highly successful in colder climates such as Great Britain and other northern hemisphere countries. ~~Streetlighting was a very common application~~. ~~As the oil crisis~~ of ~~the 1970s was taking place~~, ~~there was a strong demand for improved energy efficiency~~. ~~One research goal was improving~~ the ~~already successful lamp, reducing heat losses~~ of the ~~lamp~~, ~~as it was already producing reduced~~ light at low ~~temperatures. Special coatings~~ could be ~~applied on the outer envelope, further reducing heat losses and improving efficiency~~. Of course, this ~~goal~~ was not ~~very easy to achieve~~ as the ~~coating had to survive long term use, absorb as little light as possible and not affect the appearance~~ of ~~the lamp. Special lamp gears were~~ also ~~designed, that had electronic circuitry. This~~ meant that ~~higher energy~~ efficiency was ~~achievable through a combination of better power management, high frequency operation~~ and ~~smoother starts and warmups, giving rise to SOX-E~~ lamps.		The most important competition, early on, was the incandescent lamp, since its light was warm as well while energy efficiency was much improved. The only drawback that sodium vapour lamps had was the requirement for an additional component, the ballast. In general, due to the warm yellow light, this lamps was highly successful in colder climates such as Great Britain and other northern hemisphere countries. This lamp technology experienced some competition from mercury vapour lamps early on. While sodium lamps of that time fared slightly better in terms of efficiency, they were shorter lived than their counterparts. To the disadvantage of very poor skin rendition of the mercury vapour lamps, the sodium lamped fared slightly better with its monochromatic light. The only issue that would always remain in this competition is that low pressure sodium lamps were never as compact as mercury vapour ones so more efficient directional lighting could theoretically be achieved with mercury vapour lamps. Of course, this was not realised in practice as the low cost of mercury vapour lamps was also a criteria for fixtures selection which meant that system efficiency was always very poor on mercury vapour and only slightly less so on low pressure sodium lamps.

	~~The market slowly shrinked~~ as high ~~pressure sodium~~ and ~~metal hallide~~ lamps ~~became successful~~.		Streetlighting was a very common application. As the oil crisis of the 1970s was taking place, there was a strong demand for improved energy efficiency. One research goal was improving the already successful lamp, reducing heat losses of the lamp, as it was already producing reduced light at low temperatures. Special coatings could be applied on the outer envelope, further reducing heat losses and improving efficiency. Of course, this goal was not very easy to achieve as the coating had to survive long term use, absorb as little light as possible and not affect the appearance of the lamp. Special lamp gears were also designed, that had electronic circuitry. This meant that higher energy efficiency was achievable through a combination of better power management, high frequency operation and smoother starts and warmups, giving rise to SOX-E lamps.

			The market slowly shrinked, by the late 2000s, as high pressure sodium and metal hallide lamps became successful or when LED lighting became popular. It may seem strange that LED technology replaced the more energy efficient high pressure and low pressure sodium lamps but some aspects have to be considered. A good LED lamp design centers on efficient light distribution, that is almost 99% downwards, right from the light source. A typical lamp fixture has to compromise on lamps that are generating light almost omnidirectional or slightly directional, as in the case of low pressure sodium lamps. If the fixture's diffuser is not maintained in a clean state and if water, dirt may get inside the fixture, as it commonly happens, the lighting system efficiency is also reduced. In practice, only about 60% of the designed light reaches the desired target with a new lamp and a 5-7 year old fixture. LED lighting fixtures can maintain virtually all the initial light output efficiency, as the very compact lens system is entirely sealed and remains sealed for the entire lamp life.
	~~was an improvement of previously developed~~ high pressure sodium lamps~~, in the early 70s~~. It ~~was noticed~~ that ~~increasing~~ the pressure of sodium ~~vapours in a discharge improves~~ light ~~output by creating a spectrum~~ that is ~~more appealing~~. ~~As the emission broadens~~ to ~~reds and greens, colour reproduction improves tremendously, while efficiency~~ slightly ~~drops. Of course~~, ~~highly resistant ceramic tubes had to be used to contain~~ the ~~sodium vapour discharge and its intensity. Both heat and the corrosive, permeating nature~~ of sodium ~~pose challenges to long service life and good operation~~. ~~In order to further increase pressure and temperature to improve colour rendering~~ the ~~discharge tube~~ is ~~broadened~~ and ~~shortened. This increases~~ the ~~intensity of~~ the ~~discharge but increases thermal and electrical losses of electrodes and the design of the lamp gets more complex~~. ~~As usual~~, ~~sodium still leaks out~~ of the ~~discharge tube at high temperatures so~~ the ~~lamp design had to compensate for these losses~~ with a ~~special construction~~ and ~~gas filling. All these requirements meant that producing such~~ a ~~lamp was highly costly and good manufacturing consistency was mandatory~~.

	The market for such lamps was small, favouring some indoor aplications especially in colder climate countries such as Great Britain, where sodium lamps were already appreciated. In commercial applications they were more successful when the ~~typical tungsten halogen lamps very low energy~~ efficiency ~~and simple use was no longer acceptable~~, ~~in late 90s and early 2000s. Development of improved arc tubes was still possible but was considered not viable~~ as the ~~market was not expanding to cover such research~~ and ~~production expenses compared with~~ the ~~more flexible application compact ceramic metal hallide lamps. These lamps were much more energy expansion and have much broader appeal than high pressure sodium lamps~~.

	== Manufacturing specificities ==		== Manufacturing specificities ==