Difference between revisions of "Philips HPI-T and HPI-T Plus"

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Philips HPI-T and HPI-T Plus (view source)

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Standard Metal Hallide Lamp for indoor and outdoor lighting with 250W and 400W (E40 base), clear tubular bulb (HPI-T) or coated bulb (HPI Plus)
Standard Metal Hallide Lamp for indoor and outdoor lighting with 250W and 400W (E40 base), clear tubular bulb


== Features ==
== Features ==
*One of the following:
*Clear tubular outer bulb
**Clear (for HPI-T and HPI-T Plus lamps)
**Diffuse internal ovoid coated bulb (all HPI Plus lamps)
*Internal high pressure quartz discharge tube
*Internal high pressure quartz discharge tube
*E40 base  
*E40 base
*Requires matching mercury vapour or high pressure sodium ballast (Plus designation)
*Color rendering index Ra of 65
*Requires ignitors except on "S" designated 250W and 400W lamps
*Typical lifetime of 20.000 to 24.000 hours (only HPI-T lamps)
*Color rendering index Ra of 65 (most HPI-T lamps) and 69 (all HPI Plus lamps)
*Luminous efficacy of 72 to 85 lumens/watt
*Typical lifetime of 20.000 hours (most lamps) or 24.000 hours (only HPI-T lamps)
*Luminous efficacy of 72 to 85 lumens/watt (highest on HPI-T lamps)
*Cool white or daylight colour designation (4500 or 6700 K colour temperature)
*Cool white or daylight colour designation (4500 or 6700 K colour temperature)
*One of the following (risk of early failure when operating in other positions):
*One of the following (risk of early failure when operating in other positions):
**Vertical operating position (most HPI Plus lamps)
*Horizontal operating position (all HPI-T lamps)
**Horizontal operating position (all HPI-T lamps)


== Lamp control gear ==
== Lamp control gear ==
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[[Image:Philips HPL-N 250W.jpg|Philips SON 250W]]
[[Image:Philips HPI-T 1000W.jpg|Philips HPI-T 1000W]]
[[Image:Philips HPI-T 1000W.jpg|Philips HPI-T 1000W]]
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== Best retro purpose ==
== Best retro purpose ==
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With adequate care and good ventilation, HPI metal hallides can be used vertically, in a freestanding position as mercury vapour lamps but lifetime will be reduced. HPI-T lamps are much more sensitive to operating position. Lamps age differently and this means that a series of lamps may exhibit different colour intensity and light intensity depending on wear and group replacement should be considered to maintain uniformity. Just as well, lamps should be replaced as soon as light and colour uniformity is affected, as old lamps present a higher risk of catastrophic failure.
With adequate care and good ventilation, HPI metal hallides can be used vertically, in a freestanding position as mercury vapour lamps but lifetime will be reduced. HPI-T lamps are much more sensitive to operating position. Lamps age differently and this means that a series of lamps may exhibit different colour intensity and light intensity depending on wear and group replacement should be considered to maintain uniformity. Just as well, lamps should be replaced as soon as light and colour uniformity is affected, as old lamps present a higher risk of catastrophic failure.
While products that have an internal ignitor are easier to operate, they are quite rare. Also, these lamps may be less reliable than standard ones that do not include internal ignitors since the ones being supplied are built to a lower quality standard and made to a set cost and space constraint.


== Understanding manufacturer data ==  
== Understanding manufacturer data ==  
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| MASTER HPI-T Plus 400W/645 E40 SLV || E40 || 400 W || 35000 lm || Cool White || 4500 K || 65 || 20000 hours
| MASTER HPI-T Plus 400W/645 E40 SLV || E40 || 400 W || 35000 lm || Cool White || 4500 K || 65 || 20000 hours
|-
|-
| MASTER HPI Plus 250W/745 BU E40 CRP/SLV || E40 || 250 W || 18000 lm || Cool White || 4500 K || 69 || 20000 hours
| HPI-T 1000W/645 E40 220V CRP || E40 || 1000 W || 85000 lm || Cool White || 4500 K || 65 || 24000 hours
|-
| MASTER HPI Plus 250W/767 BU E40 CRP/SLV || E40 || 250 W || 18000 lm || Daylight || 6700 K || 69 || 20000 hours
|-
| MASTER HPI Plus 250W/745 BU-P E40 CRP/SLV || E40 || 250 W || 18000 lm || Cool White || 4500 K || 69 || 20000 hours
|-
| MASTER HPI Plus 250W/767 BU-P E40 CRP/SLV || E40 || 250 W || 18000 lm || Daylight || 6700 K || 69 || 20000 hours
|-
| MASTER HPI Plus 400W/745 BU-P E40 CRP/SLV || E40 || 400 W || 32500 lm || Cool White || 4500 K || 69 || 20000 hours
|-
| MASTER HPI Plus 400W/745 HOR E40 CRP || E40 || 400 W || 30000 lm || Cool White || 4500 K || 69 || 20000 hours
|-
| MASTER HPI Plus 400W/745 BUS E40 CRP/SLV || E40 || 400 W || 14500 lm || Cool White || 4500 K || 69 || 20000 hours
|-
|-
| MASTER HPI Plus 400W/745 BUS-P E40 CRP || E40 || 400 W || 14500 lm || Cool White || 4500 K || 69 || 20000 hours
| HPI-T 2000W/667 E40 220V CRP || E40 || 2000 W || 189000 lm || Cool White ||  6700 K || 65 || 24000 hours
|-
| MASTER HPI Plus 400W/767 BU E40 CRP/SLV || E40 || 400 W || 32500 lm || Daylight || 6700 K || 69 || 20000 hours
|-
| HPI-T 1000W/643 E40 220V CRP || E40 || 1000 W || 85000 lm || Cool White ||  4500 K || 65 || 24000 hours
|-
| HPI-T 2000W/646 E40 220V CRP || E40 || 2000 W || 189000 lm || Cool White ||  6700 K || 65 || 24000 hours
|-
|-
|}
|}
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Notes:  
Notes:  
* some lamps have an integrated internal starter and do not require an external ignitor, presented with the "S" designation;  
* some lamps have an integrated internal starter and do not require an external ignitor, presented with the "S" designation;  
* "T" means clear tubular bulb while all other lamps are coated; "P" means protected lamp, suitable for open air use;
* MASTER designation should point at better performing lamps but it is meaningless in this lamp range.
* "BU" means base up operation while "HOR" means horizontal operating position;
* MASTER designation should point at better performing lamps but it is useless in this lamp range.


== Durability and Repair-ability ==
== Durability and Repair-ability ==
Generally, sodium vapour lamps were very durable and most modern products were released with even longer typical lifetimes. This is mainly due to the fact that the main market of street lighting pressured producers to cot servicing costs which means that reliability improvements were mandatory. Unfortunately, due to the way that almost all lamps are designed, they age in a different way compared with other light sources. Sodium slowly permeates the ceramic arc tube meaning that the lamp voltage raises as the lamp ages, making it harder to remain in stable operation after startup. This creates the well known on-and-off lamp cylcles that repeats every couple of minutes, accelerating as the lamps is close to demise. Eventually, the lamp does not start but this happens after a long cycling and gear stress that might span over months or even a whole year.
Generally, sodium vapour lamps were very durable and most modern products were released with even longer typical lifetimes. This is mainly due to the fact that the main market of street lighting pressured producers to cot servicing costs which means that reliability improvements were mandatory. Unfortunately, due to the way that almost all lamps are designed, they age in a different way compared with other light sources. Sodium slowly permeates the ceramic arc tube meaning that the lamp voltage raises as the lamp ages, making it harder to remain in stable operation after startup. This creates the well known on-and-off lamp cycles that repeats every couple of minutes, accelerating as the lamps is close to demise. Eventually, the lamp does not start but this happens after a long cycling and gear stress that might span over months or even a whole year.


Compared with modern LED lamps, sodium lamps compare favourably but they have a much poorer light output and require careful wiring. In most cases operational cost is lower as less powerful LED luminaries can be used since all useful light is directed downwards compared with the inefficient fixtures used on most sodium vapour lamps. Ballast and ignitors can survive tens of years if properly protected against direct rain or snow exposure. A complex circuitry means that lamp servicing is difficult and there are major risks due to improper wiring on servicing as large voltages may be present. 70, 100 and 150 watt lamps are very well built and they were highly popular. Ignitors can be potentially repaired but the lack of schematics means that they can be repaired only by experienced persons and are, thus, mostly discarded when not working.
Compared with modern LED lamps, sodium lamps compare favourably but they have a much poorer light output and require careful wiring. In most cases operational cost is lower as less powerful LED luminaries can be used since all useful light is directed downwards compared with the inefficient fixtures used on most sodium vapour lamps. Ballast and ignitors can survive tens of years if properly protected against direct rain or snow exposure. A complex circuitry means that lamp servicing is difficult and there are major risks due to improper wiring on servicing as large voltages may be present. 70, 100 and 150 watt lamps are very well built and they were highly popular. Ignitors can be potentially repaired but the lack of schematics means that they can be repaired only by experienced persons and are, thus, mostly discarded when not working.
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Fixtures are generally compact, considering the light output made available, but are generally heavy due to the bulky electromagnetic gear being used. There are directional and omni-directional fixtures that are suited to various purposes. In street lighting, the well known cobra-head style lamppost was used, and they may still be available for purchase. They were only moderately effective as light covered a large area but a considerable amount of light was lost due to the fixture directing some of it upwards, with no control. Omni-directional fixtures were used in residential areas and parks, where ambience was more important than efficiency. Indoor fixtures were centered on the typical high-bay or low-bay types due to their application in greenhouses where light has to be directed entirely downwards. Other fixtures were compact, having a boxy design, with a symmetrical or asymmetrical lamp placement that was suited for flood lighting. These type of lamps were used outdoor, for floodlighting. There were no home designed fixtures as these lamps were never used in home environments.
Fixtures are generally compact, considering the light output made available, but are generally heavy due to the bulky electromagnetic gear being used. There are directional and omni-directional fixtures that are suited to various purposes. In street lighting, the well known cobra-head style lamppost was used, and they may still be available for purchase. They were only moderately effective as light covered a large area but a considerable amount of light was lost due to the fixture directing some of it upwards, with no control. Omni-directional fixtures were used in residential areas and parks, where ambience was more important than efficiency. Indoor fixtures were centered on the typical high-bay or low-bay types due to their application in greenhouses where light has to be directed entirely downwards. Other fixtures were compact, having a boxy design, with a symmetrical or asymmetrical lamp placement that was suited for flood lighting. These type of lamps were used outdoor, for floodlighting. There were no home designed fixtures as these lamps were never used in home environments.
Nowadays, sodium vapour lamps are still very widely used as outdoor lighting. As the number of available fixtures is massive, availability is high and will diminish no early than 2030s, meaning they are economically effective to purchase except and they can be repurposed for mercury vapour of metal hallide lamps if proper lamp gear is used. Free standing lamps are quite capable on their own so if you need a compact light source that is highly durable and colour output is not important. They have the additional advantage of attracting less insects during the summer, if used as outdoor light. They are especially well suited for security lighting. Of special interest is greenhouse lighting, as was mentioned before, even if specialized lamps have also been designed for these purposes, the standard lamp is also appropriate.


== Operation ==  
== Operation ==  
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== Suitability ==  
== Suitability ==  
HPI Plus lamps are the best choice since they do not require specific fixtures for operation, their ovoid outer bulb allowing simple operation and less glare with possible operation as free standing, hanging, lamps. HPI-T lamps are much more effective for flood lighting but they require specific fixtures and have higher surface temperature, making them more susceptible to damage when improperly handled. Chinese branded lamps are much worse in all performance and quality metrics with shorter useful life, worse colour reproduction and and efficiency as a proper, stable mix of hallides required huge research investment that was too costly for Chinese producers.
HPI-T lamps are much more effective for flood lighting but they require specific fixtures and have higher surface temperature, making them more susceptible to damage when improperly handled. Chinese branded lamps are much worse in all performance and quality metrics with shorter useful life, worse colour reproduction and and efficiency as a proper, stable mix of hallides required huge research investment that was too costly for Chinese producers.


The best choice are, probably, the 250 watt lamps as larger powered lamps are too powerful for most purposes. This lamp wattage was also cheaper as they were highly popular. Electro-magnetic ballasts or conventional gears are plentiful and can be used interchangeably with all manufactured lamps for a specific wattage and ignitors' performance is less critical as on high pressure sodium lamps. Lower rated power output gears can be used, but it is not recommended as colour reproduction and lamp lifetime will be reduced while higher powered ones damage the lamp due to over-stressing and is highly dangerous.
The best choice are, probably, the 250 watt lamps as larger powered lamps are too powerful for most purposes. This lamp wattage was also cheaper as they were highly popular. Electro-magnetic ballasts or conventional gears are plentiful and can be used interchangeably with all manufactured lamps for a specific wattage and ignitors' performance is less critical as on high pressure sodium lamps. Lower rated power output gears can be used, but it is not recommended as colour reproduction and lamp lifetime will be reduced while higher powered ones damage the lamp due to over-stressing and is highly dangerous.
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Most manufacturers have been releasing lamps for many decades and constantly improved technology so that lamps had a stabler, predictable lifetime and slightly improved colour stability due to manufacturing progress. Lamps produced in the 70s and early 80s are probably not commonly found today. In the 90s and early 2000 Philips was manufacturing lamps in Holland and other countries, while in the last years they were doing the same thing in China. Quality was not severely affected as manufacturing quality was maintained and applications were demanding, used in wealthier countries. It should be noted that there are larger differences between compatible lamps released by Osram, General Electric or other major manufacturers as each of them settled on slightly different chemistry with different reliability and performance.
Most manufacturers have been releasing lamps for many decades and constantly improved technology so that lamps had a stabler, predictable lifetime and slightly improved colour stability due to manufacturing progress. Lamps produced in the 70s and early 80s are probably not commonly found today. In the 90s and early 2000 Philips was manufacturing lamps in Holland and other countries, while in the last years they were doing the same thing in China. Quality was not severely affected as manufacturing quality was maintained and applications were demanding, used in wealthier countries. It should be noted that there are larger differences between compatible lamps released by Osram, General Electric or other major manufacturers as each of them settled on slightly different chemistry with different reliability and performance.


Products manufactured by Philips were similar to General Electric and Osram, with a quality and consistency much above some East-European manufacturers in terms of colour rendering, light output and life. However, Philips was manufacturing lamps with shorter lifetimes and poorer colour reproduction than typical Osram ones, especially on standard metal hallide lamps, as Philips was focusing on cost and marketing. On the other side, Philips lamps were much more popular and are easier to find.
Products manufactured by Philips were similar to General Electric and Osram, with a quality and consistency much above some East-European manufacturers in terms of colour rendering, light output and life. However, Philips was manufacturing lamps with longer lifetimes but poorer colour reproduction than some Osram ones, especially on standard metal hallide lamps. Philips lamps were also much more popular and are easier to find.


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