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Difference between revisions of "Philips TL and TL-D"
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Classic | Classic TL and TL-D fluorescent lamps | ||
== Features == | == Features == | ||
*Halophosphate based coating internal coating (T12 | *Halophosphate based coating internal coating (38mm T12 and 26mm T8 standard lamps) | ||
*Bi-pin G13 base | |||
*Bi-pin G13 | *Color rendering index Ra of 63 to 72 | ||
*Color rendering index Ra of | *Typical lifetime of 13.000 hours | ||
*Typical lifetime of | |||
*Luminous efficacy of 35 to 77 lumens/watt | *Luminous efficacy of 35 to 77 lumens/watt | ||
* | *Various white appearances (from 3500 to 6500 K colour temperature) | ||
*Universal operating position | *Universal operating position | ||
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== Best retro purpose == | == Best retro purpose == | ||
Flourescent lamps are the most popular and widely used lighting source. Still widely used in most indoor environments due to their high efficiency and very good colour reproduction, flourescent lamp stocks and availability is still high. Millions of these lamps have been produced worldwide for decades. They are clearly suited for indoor lighting especially when paired with an electronic ballast that eliminates flicker and also increases system efficiency. Due to the great variety of lamps, there are some suggestions for use. Most flourescent lamps operate well at 25 degrees Celsius ambient temperature but have very low light output in freezing or below freezing environments but hot environments also reduce efficiency. | Flourescent lamps are the most popular and widely used lighting source. Still widely used in most indoor environments due to their high efficiency and very good colour reproduction, flourescent lamp stocks and availability is still high. Millions of these lamps have been produced worldwide for decades. They are clearly suited for indoor lighting especially when paired with an electronic ballast that eliminates flicker and also increases system efficiency. Due to the great variety of lamps, there are some suggestions for use. Most flourescent lamps operate well at 25 degrees Celsius ambient temperature but have very low light output in freezing or below freezing environments but hot environments also reduce efficiency. | ||
TL lamps are the classic T12 flourescent light source that has been used for almost 80 years. Obsolete by 2000s standards, the lamp still survived in situations where performance in cold environments such as outdoor ones was appreciated as well as ones where the lamp's relative size resulted in less glare than T8 lamps. The lamp's performance was simply average as lamp end blackening is noticeable and the internal lamp coating does not have very good performance. Note that flicker is more visible than in T8 lamps. Overall, these lamps have been plentiful but they are somewhat scarcer today. They can be used where a diffuse light source is desirable. Although there were more advanced lamps that had Triphosphor coatings and better colour rendering, they were rare and the T12 54 or 765 type was a popular, standard, daylight flourescent lamp, widely used worldwide. It creates a good retro atmosphere when used in classic luminaires. | TL lamps are the classic T12 flourescent light source that has been used for almost 80 years. Obsolete by 2000s standards, the lamp still survived in situations where performance in cold environments such as outdoor ones was appreciated as well as ones where the lamp's relative size resulted in less glare than T8 lamps. The lamp's performance was simply average as lamp end blackening is noticeable and the internal lamp coating does not have very good performance. Note that flicker is more visible than in T8 lamps. Overall, these lamps have been plentiful but they are somewhat scarcer today. They can be used where a diffuse light source is desirable. Although there were more advanced lamps that had Triphosphor coatings and better colour rendering, they were rare and the T12 54 or 765 type was a popular, standard, daylight flourescent lamp, widely used worldwide. It creates a good retro atmosphere when used in classic luminaires. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| TL-D 58W/54-765 || G13 || 58 W || 4000 lm || Cool Daylight || 6500 K || 72 || 13000 hours | | TL-D 58W/54-765 || G13 || 58 W || 4000 lm || Cool Daylight || 6500 K || 72 || 13000 hours | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
* there were 14W, 23W, 30W, the 1 meter 36W and standard 70W lamps as well but they were never as popular as the 18, 36 and 58 W ones, hence why they are omitted; also note that lamp gears and fixtures for these wattages is quite scarce as well; | |||
* there were 14W, 23W, 30W, the 1 meter 36W and standard 70W lamps as well but they were never as popular as the 18, 36 and 58 W ones, hence why they are omitted; also note that lamp gears and fixtures for these wattages is quite scarce as well | * Neutral white colour appearance lamps were seldomly used as 4000 and 6500 K lamps offered satisfactory variety; the 3500 K lamps or neutral white were traditionally popular in the United Kingdom; | ||
* Neutral white colour appearance lamps were seldomly used as | |||
== Durability and Repair-ability == | == Durability and Repair-ability == | ||
The TL or T12 lamps can be considered the most durable in physical terms although the TL-D lamps have the longest lifespan with the best performance out of this lamp selection, due to their gas fill and electrode design | The TL or T12 lamps can be considered the most durable in physical terms although the TL-D lamps have the longest lifespan with the best performance out of this lamp selection, due to their gas fill and electrode design. Starting the lamp with cold cathodes and not operating them properly can be just as bad as a classic magnetic ballast. | ||
The best service life can be achieved using electronic gear that has preheat. Note that TL and TL-D lamps are perfectly interchangeable on their gears as the TL-D lamp was purposefully designed to operate at reduced current on the same conventional ballast as the TL lamps. | The best service life can be achieved using electronic gear that has preheat. Note that TL and TL-D lamps are perfectly interchangeable on their gears as the TL-D lamp was purposefully designed to operate at reduced current on the same conventional ballast as the TL lamps. | ||
Due to their construction, flourescent lamps cannot be | Due to their construction, flourescent lamps cannot be truly repaired. However, if one of the end electrodes remain open due to the coil's sudden rupture as a result of a shock or any other damage, and the lamp does not have strong blackening, it can be repaired. Bridging the broken fillament lamp ends on the side that has been measured as noncontinuous with an ohmmeter, using a wire strip and soldering or careful tightening, can render the lamp operable again. However, note that the lamp is more dangerous to operate as the magnetic or electronic gear used with the lamp is stressed more to start the lamp. Some warm start electronic ballasts may be damaged if one of the lamp's end are shorted, so there is some risk involved. Lamp gears may be overheating when attempting to start the lamp for a long time, so if this occurs, consider the lamp as disposable. | ||
== Greatest features & flaws == | == Greatest features & flaws == | ||
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| Low glare risk, uniform lighting || Quite large lamps and fixtures | | Low glare risk, uniform lighting || Quite large lamps and fixtures | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Widely available || | | Widely available || Mediocre service life and colour rendering | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Mostly suited for indirect or ambience lighting || Sensitive to operating temperature | | Mostly suited for indirect or ambience lighting || Sensitive to operating temperature | ||
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The TL-D lamp range was quite successful. Although standard lamps brought mostly energy efficiency improvements, these lamp types can be desirable if they light an area where colour reproduction is not critical. Note that the both the "Cool Daylight" and "Cool White" lamps have reasonable performance although the cool white type had worse colour reproduction. Another advantage of TL-D lamps is their more compact size, allowing smaller warehousing space. | The TL-D lamp range was quite successful. Although standard lamps brought mostly energy efficiency improvements, these lamp types can be desirable if they light an area where colour reproduction is not critical. Note that the both the "Cool Daylight" and "Cool White" lamps have reasonable performance although the cool white type had worse colour reproduction. Another advantage of TL-D lamps is their more compact size, allowing smaller warehousing space. | ||
== Operation == | == Operation == | ||
All lamps require the same lamp gear that can be either conventional, composed of a magnetic, reactive or inductive ballast placed in series with the lamp along with a starter that preheats the lamp's filament to ensure reliable starts and low lamp stress. An electronic lamp gear, preferably with preheating, can be used to increase light output, eliminate flicker and increase the lamp's service life. Note that some cheap electronic ballasts do not actually offer preheating and start instantly the lamp, reducing the lamp's useful life. Preheating of lamps is assumed if there is any mention of a 0.5second duration on the electronic ballast label or the word preheating. Most world manufacturers released electronic control gear and some products even allowed variable dimming using special protocols. | All lamps require the same lamp gear that can be either conventional, composed of a magnetic, reactive or inductive ballast placed in series with the lamp along with a starter that preheats the lamp's filament to ensure reliable starts and low lamp stress. An electronic lamp gear, preferably with preheating, can be used to increase light output, eliminate flicker and increase the lamp's service life. Note that some cheap electronic ballasts do not actually offer preheating and start instantly the lamp, reducing the lamp's useful life. Preheating of lamps is assumed if there is any mention of a 0.5second duration on the electronic ballast label or the word preheating. Most world manufacturers released electronic control gear and some products even allowed variable dimming using special protocols. | ||
While a dimmed flouresecent lamp is not as efficient as full power operation, there were and are some environments were such flexibility is appreciated. Note that starting and operating dimmed lamps is less reliable and the temperature balance and optimum operation conditions slightly deviate in these circumstances. Overpowering a lamp is possible but it is not advised | While a dimmed flouresecent lamp is not as efficient as full power operation, there were and are some environments were such flexibility is appreciated. Note that starting and operating dimmed lamps is less reliable and the temperature balance and optimum operation conditions slightly deviate in these circumstances. Overpowering a lamp is possible but it is not advised. Note that operating in cold environments, as a deviation from ideal conditions, reduces lamp current and power, making the lamp slightly unstable and dim. | ||
== Suitability == | == Suitability == | ||
A major advantage of T8 and TL-D lamps, regardless of type, is their full compatibility with systems of similar power ratings that were used with T12 lamps along with full replacement capability of any lamp type at a specific wattage. This makes it possible to test and replace many lamps of a specific wattage even mix lamps in multi-lamp fixtures to create a desired effect. Compatibility of T12 and T8 lamps was very important in the past as new T8 lamps were more efficient and used less power while being fully capable to be retrofitted on old installations. | A major advantage of T8 and TL-D lamps, regardless of type, is their full compatibility with systems of similar power ratings that were used with T12 lamps along with full replacement capability of any lamp type at a specific wattage. This makes it possible to test and replace many lamps of a specific wattage even mix lamps in multi-lamp fixtures to create a desired effect. Compatibility of T12 and T8 lamps was very important in the past as new T8 lamps were more efficient and used less power while being fully capable to be retrofitted on old installations. | ||
Closed as well as open fixtures are very well suited for any lamp type. In general, open fixtures are better suited for lamps operating in warmer indoor environments while enclosed fixtures are better suited for colder environments. Despite what any datasheet may suggest, deviating higher or lower than the set 30-35 degrees Celsius lamp temperature slightly reduces efficiency. Super 80 lamps are the least affected by temperature changes as only the internal UV radiation can be influenced. | Closed as well as open fixtures are very well suited for any lamp type. In general, open fixtures are better suited for lamps operating in warmer indoor environments while enclosed fixtures are better suited for colder environments. Despite what any datasheet may suggest, deviating higher or lower than the set 30-35 degrees Celsius lamp temperature slightly reduces efficiency. Super 80 lamps are the least affected by temperature changes as only the internal UV radiation can be influenced. | ||
TL, TL-D | TL, TL-D are highly sensitive to additional light losses due to internal coating's temperature variation compared with tri-phosphor Philips Super 80 or similar lamps. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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Subsequent developments improved lamp life and created a wide variety of flourescent powders that cast white light with different colour appearances from warm and neutral to cold and daylight. Higher and lower power lamps were created and standardization established. The preferred lamp gear turned from incandescent ballasting or mixed light to magnetic or reactive ballasts, which improved system efficiency. In the late 1970s, following requirements for higher energy efficiency due to the world oil crisis of 1973, there were major advances in technology. | Subsequent developments improved lamp life and created a wide variety of flourescent powders that cast white light with different colour appearances from warm and neutral to cold and daylight. Higher and lower power lamps were created and standardization established. The preferred lamp gear turned from incandescent ballasting or mixed light to magnetic or reactive ballasts, which improved system efficiency. In the late 1970s, following requirements for higher energy efficiency due to the world oil crisis of 1973, there were major advances in technology. | ||
The | The market release of the the highly successful T8 lamp, or TL-D lamp, and subsequent replacement of most T12 or TL lamps due to energy savings made the TL-D dominate the early 90s sales. Of course, up until this time there were improvements in cathodes design and electron emmissive coatings as well as other performance enhancing solutions but the release of the TL-D lamp was the most important moment as it required no changes in the fixtures or gear. This lamp holds an important place in the heritage of fluorescent lamps as it is responsible for some of the biggest advances in light output, colour rendering and energy efficiency from late 80s up to early 2000s. | ||
== Manufacturing specificities == | == Manufacturing specificities == | ||